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resources
Wind Energy FAQ
How Much Water Do Wind Turbines Use Compared with Conventional Power Plants?
How much water do wind turbines use compared with conventional power
plants?
Water use can be a significant issue in energy production, particularly
in areas where water is scarce, as conventional power plants use large
amounts of water for the condensing portion of the thermodynamic cycle.
For coal plants, water is also used to clean and process fuel.
According to the California Energy Commission (cited in Paul Gipe's WIND
ENERGY COMES OF AGE, John Wiley & Sons, 1995), conventional power plants
consume the following amounts of water (through evaporative loss, not
including water that is recaptured and treated for further use):
WATER CONSUMPTION--CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS
| Technology |
gallons/kWh |
liters/kWh |
|
| Nuclear |
0.62 |
2.30 |
| Coal |
0.49 |
1.90 |
| Oil |
0.43 |
1.60 |
| Combined Cycle |
0.25 |
0.95 |
Small amounts of water are used to clean wind turbine rotor blades in arid climates (where rainfall does not keep the blades clean). The purpose of blade cleaning is to eliminate dust and insect buildup, which otherwise deforms the shape of the airfoil and degrades performance.
Similarly, small amounts of water are used to clean photovoltaics panels.
Water use numbers for these two technologies are as follows:
WATER CONSUMPTION--WIND AND SOLAR
| Technology |
gallons/kWh |
liters/kWh |
|
| Wind [1] |
0.001 |
0.004 |
| PV [2] |
0.030 |
0.110 |
Wind therefore uses less than 1/600 as much water per unit of electricity produced as does nuclear, and approximately 1/500 as much as coal.
NOTES
[1] American Wind Energy Association estimate, based on data obtained in personal communication with Brian Roach, Fluidyne Corp., December 13, 1996. Assumes 250-kW turbine operating at .25 capacity factor, with blades washed four times annually.
[2] Meridian Corp., "Energy System Emissions and Materials Requirements," U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. 1989, p. 23.
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